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| Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise | |
|---|---|
| German Empress; Queen of Prussia; Princess Royal | |
| |
| Consort | 9 March 1888 – 15 June 1888 |
| Consort to | Frederick III, German Emperor |
| Issue | |
| William II, German Emperor Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen Prince Henry Prince Sigismund Princess Victoria Prince Waldemar Sophia, Queen of Greece Margaret, Princess Frederick of Hesse | |
| Full name | |
| Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise | |
| Titles and styles | |
| HI&RM The Empress Frederick, Queen Dowager of Prussia HI&RM The German Empress, Queen of Prussia HI&RH The German Crown Princess, Crown Princess of Prussia HRH The Crown Princess of Prussia HRH Princess Friedrich of Prussia HRH The Princess Royal HRH The Princess Victoria | |
| Royal house | House of Hohenzollern House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
| Father | Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| Mother | Victoria |
| Born | 21 November 1840 Buckingham Palace, London
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| Baptised | 10 February 1841 Buckingham Palace, London |
| Died | 5 August 1901 (aged 60) Friedrichshof, Germany
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| Burial | 13 August 1901 Friedenskirche, Potsdam |
The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise) 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert. She was created Princess Royal of the United Kingdom in 1841. She became German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III. After her husband\'s death, she became widely known as Empress Frederick (or, in German: "Kaiserin Friedrich").
Contents |
Princess Victoria was born on 21 november 1840 at Buckingham Palace, London. Her mother was the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria, the only daughter of King George III\'s fourth eldest son, Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Victoria, Duchess of Kent. Her father was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was baptised in the Throne Room of Buckingham Palace on 10 February 1841 by William Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury and her godparents were the Dowager Queen Adelaide, the King of the Belgians, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the Duke of Sussex, the Duchess of Gloucester and her maternal grandmother, Duchess of Kent.
As a daughter of the sovereign, Victoria was automatically a British princess with the style Her Royal Highness, styled HRH The Princess Victoria (and in addition being heiress presumptive to the throne of the United Kingdom before the birth of her younger brother Prince Albert, later Edward VII on 9 November 1841). In 1841, the Queen created Victoria Princess Royal, giving her an honorary title sometimes conferred on the eldest daughter of the sovereign. Victoria was then styled HRH The Princess Royal. To her family she was known simply as Vicky.
The education of Victoria was closely supervised by her parents. She was precocious and intelligent, unlike her brother Albert Edward. She was taught to read and write before the age of five by her governess Lady Lyttelton and to speak French by her French nursery maid. The Princess Royal learned French and German from various governesses, and science, literature, Latin, and history from Sara Ann Hildyard. Prince Albert tutored her in politics and philosophy.
In 1851, Victoria met her future husband, Prince Frederick William of Prussia (18 October 1831 – 15 June 1888), when he and his parents were invited to London by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to attend the opening of the Great Exhibition. At the time, Frederick, the son of Prince William of Prussia and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, was second in line to the Prussian throne. The couple became engaged in 1855 while Frederick was on a visit to Balmoral; Victoria was just fourteen, while her future husband was a young man of twenty-four.
The Prussian Court and Buckingham Palace publicly announced the engagement on 19 May 1857. Seventeen-year-old Victoria married Frederick, at Queen Victoria\'s insistence, at the Chapel Royal, St. James\'s Palace, on 25 January 1858. The marriage was both a love match and a dynastic alliance. The Queen and Prince Albert hoped that Victoria\'s marriage to the future king of Prussia would cement close ties between London and Berlin, and possibly lead to the emergence of a unified and liberal Germany.
In January 1861, on the death of his childless uncle Frederick William IV of Prussia and the accession of his father as King William I, Prince Frederick became Crown Prince of Prussia, Victoria therefore became Crown Princess. The new Crown Prince and Crown Princess, however, were politically isolated; their liberal and Anglophile views clashed with the authoritarian rule of the Prussian minister-president, Otto von Bismarck. Unfortunately, despite their efforts to educate their son, Wilhelm, in British attitudes of democracy, he favoured his German tutors in aspiring to autocratic rule and thus became alienated from his parents, suspecting them of putting Britain\'s interests first.
During the three Wars of German Unification – the 1864 Prussian-Danish War, the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, and the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War – Victoria and Frederick strongly identified with the cause of Prussia and the North German Confederation. Their sympathies created a rift among Queen Victoria\'s extended family, since Victoria\'s younger brother, the Prince of Wales, was married to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the elder daughter of Christian IX of Denmark, who was also reigning duke of the disputed territories of Schleswig and Holstein. At Versailles on 18 January 1871, the victorious princes of the North German Confederation proclaimed a German Empire with King William I of Prussia as the hereditary German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) with the style Imperial and Royal Majesty (Kaiserliche und Königliche Majestät); Frederick and Victoria became German Crown Prince and German Crown Princess with the style Imperial and Royal Highness (Kaiserliche und Königliche Hoheit).
| British Royalty |
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| House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
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| Descendants of Victoria & Albert |
| Victoria, Princess Royal |
| Edward VII |
| Princess Alice |
| Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg & Gotha |
| Princess Helena |
| Princess Louise |
| Arthur, Duke of Connaught |
| Leopold, Duke of Albany |
| Princess Beatrice |
Victoria\'s coat of arms as Princess Royal of the United Kingdom. She had different arms as a Prussian Princess, Prussian and German Crown Princess and then German Empress and Queen of Prussia
On the death of his father on 9 March 1888, the Crown Prince ascended the throne as the Emperor Frederick III (and as King Frederick III of Prussia) and Victoria adopted the title and style of Her Imperial and Royal Majesty The German Empress. Frederick, however, was terminally ill with throat cancer and died after reigning 99 days. From then on she was known simply as The Empress Frederick.
She was often known as Die Engländerin (the Englishwoman) even though she was only one-quarter English.
The widowed Victoria lived in retirement at Castle Friedrichshof, a castle she had built in memory of her late husband in the hills near Kronberg not far from Frankfurt am Main. Politically, she remained a liberal in contrast with her son Emperor William II. Their relationship had earlier been difficult but improved once she was no longer in the limelight. In Berlin, Victoria established schools for the higher education of girls and for nurses\' training. As a talented and gifted artist in her own right, she patronized the arts and learning, becoming one of the organizers of the 1872 Industrial Art Exhibition.
Throughout her married life and widowhood, Victoria kept in close touch with other members of the British Royal Family, particularly her younger brother, the future Edward VII.
She maintained a regular correspondence with her mother. According to the Royal Encyclopaedia, some 3,777 letters from Queen Victoria to her eldest daughter have been catalogued, as well as more than 4,000 from daughter to mother. Many of her letters detailed her concern over Germany\'s future under her son. These letters were rescued in a cloak and dagger operation by Edward VII private secretary.
Victoria was diagnosed with inoperable breast cancer in 1899 during a visit to her mother at Balmoral. By the autumn of 1900, the cancer spread to her spine and after much suffering, she died at Castle Friedrichshof on the 5 August 1901, less than seven months after the death of her mother, Queen Victoria. She was buried in the royal mausoleum of the Friedenskirche at Potsdam on the 13 August 1901. Her tomb has a recumbent marble effigy of herself on top. Next to her lies her beloved husband. Her two children, Sigismund (died age 2) and Waldemar (died age 11) are also buried in the same mausoleum.
With her style of Princess Royal, Victoria was granted use of the royal arms, as then used: with an escutcheon of the shield of Saxony, the whole differenced by a label argent of three points, the outer points bearing crosses gules, the central a rose gules.Heraldica – British Royalty Cadency. In 1917, the escutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from George VOf course Victoria had died in 1901 and the arms had not been used by her since her marriage to Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, later German Emperor Friedrich III.
Victoria and Frederick had eight children:
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| William II, German Emperor | 27 January 1859 | 4 June 1941 | married (1), 27 February 1881, Princess Auguste Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein; died 1921; had issue (2), 9 November 1922, Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz |
| Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen | 24 July 1860 | 1 October 1919 | married, 18 February 1878, Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen; had issue |
| Prince Henry | 14 August 1862 | 20 April 1929 | married, 24 May 1888, Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine; had issue |
| Prince Sigismund | 15 September 1864 | 18 June 1866 (meningitis) | |
| Princess Victoria | 12 April 1866 | 13 November 1929 | married (1), 19 November 1890, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe; he died 1916; no issue (2), 19 November 1927, Alexander Zoubkov; no issue |
| Prince Waldemar of Prussia | 10 February 1868 | 27 March 1879 (diphtheria) | |
| Sophie, Queen of the Hellenes | 14 June 1870 | 13 January 1932 | married, 27 October 1889, Constantine I, King of the Hellenes; had issue |
| Margaret, Princess Frederick of Hesse | 22 April 1872 | 22 January 1954 | married, 25 January 1893, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse; had issue |
Kronberg, the former home of Empress Frederick.
| Victoria, Princess Royal Cadet branch of the House of Wettin - on marriage she became a member of the House of Hohenzollern Born: 21 November 1840 Died: 5 August 1901 | ||
| British royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ernest Augustus I of Hanover | Heir to the Throne as heiress presumptive 1840–1841 | Succeeded by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |
| Vacant Title last held by Princess Charlotte | Princess Royal 1841–1901 | Vacant Title next held by Princess Louise |
| German royalty | ||
| Preceded by Augusta of Saxe-Weimar | German Empress Queen of Prussia 9 March 1888 – 15 June 1888 | Succeeded by Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein |
| Ancestors of Victoria, Princess Royal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Princesses Royal |
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Current title holder: HRH The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (1987 –) Titles granted by the Crown: Mary, Princess of Orange (1642-1660) • Anne, Princess of Orange (1727-1759) •·Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg (1766-1828) • Victoria, German Empress (1841-1901) • Princess Louise, Duchess of Fife (1905-1931) • Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood (1932-1965) · Title granted by James II in exile: Princess Louisa Maria (1692-1712) |
| British princesses | |
|---|---|
| The generations indicate descent from George I who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British Royal Family. Where a princess may have been or is descended from George I more than once her most senior descent, by which she bore or bears her title, is used. | |
| 1st Generation |
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| 2nd Generation |
Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange · The Princess Amelia Sophia · The Princess Caroline Elizabeth · Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Cassel · Louise, Queen of Denmark-Norway |
| 3rd Generation |
Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick · Elizabeth Caroline of Wales · Louisa Anne of Wales · Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark-Norway |
| 4th Generation |
Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg · The Princess Augusta Sophia · Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg · Sophia of Gloucester · Caroline of Gloucester · The Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester · The Princess Sophia · The Princess Amelia |
| 5th Generation |
Charlotte Augusta of Wales · Frederica of Cumberland · Charlotte of Clarence · Victoria of the United Kingdom · Elizabeth of Clarence · Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz · Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck |
| 6th Generation |
Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia · Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine · Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein · Frederica, Baroness Alfons von Pawel-Rammingen · The Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll · Marie of Cumberland · Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg |
| 7th Generation |
Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife · The Princess Victoria · Maud, Queen of Norway · Marie, Queen of Romania · Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess of Russia · Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden · Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden · Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin · Alice of Albany, Countess of Athlone · Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera · Olga of Hanover · Patricia of Connaught (Lady Patricia Ramsay) |
| 8th Generation |
Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife · Maud of Fife · Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood · Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Frederika, Queen of Greece |
| 9th Generation |
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom · The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon · Alexandra of Kent, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy |
| 10th Generation |
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| 11th Generation |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia
